miR －210在肝癌中的异常表达及其与预后的相关性

目的：检测 miR －210在肝癌组织中的表达,探讨其在肝癌中的表达与术后患者预后的关系。方法：收集120例患者术后新鲜肝癌组织,荧光 PCR 技术检测 miR －210在肝癌组织中的表达。检验 miR －210表达水平与各临床指标的关系,K －M曲线描述 miR －210的表达与预后的关系,Cox 回归分析进行多因素分析。结果：miR －210在肝癌组织的表达要比癌旁高（P ＜0．001）,K －M曲线分析发现 miR －210高表达预示着较差的预后（P ＜0．001）,Cox 回归分析中发现 miR －210在单因素分析中 P ＝0．003,在多因素分析中 P ＝0．002。结论：miR －210在肝癌组织中表达高于癌旁组织,miR －210可以作为独立的分子标志提示肝癌术后患者的预后。     

Heat shock proteins in the retina: Focus on HSP70 and alpha crystallins in ganglion cell survival

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) belong to a superfamily of stress proteins that are critical constituents of a complex defense mechanism that enhances cell survival under adverse environmental conditions. Cell protective roles of HSPs are related to their chaperone functions, antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects. HSPs' anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective characteristics, their ability to protect cells from a variety of stressful stimuli, and the possibility of their pharmacological induction in cells under pathological stress make these proteins an attractive therapeutic target for various neurodegenerative diseases; these include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, prion disease, and others. This review discusses the possible roles of HSPs, particularly HSP70 and small HSPs (alpha A and alpha B crystallins) in enhancing the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic neuropathies such as glaucoma, which is characterized by progressive loss of vision caused by degeneration of RGCs and their axons in the optic nerve. Studies in animal models of RGC degeneration induced by ocular hypertension, optic nerve crush and axotomy show that upregulation of HSP70 expression by hyperthermia, zinc, geranyl–geranyl acetone, 17-AAG (a HSP90 inhibitor), or through transfection of retinal cells with AAV2-HSP70 effectively supports the survival of injured RGCs. RGCs survival was also stimulated by overexpression of alpha A and alpha B crystallins. These findings provide support for translating the HSP70- and alpha crystallin-based cell survival strategy into therapy to protect and rescue injured RGCs from degeneration associated with glaucomatous and other optic neuropathies.     

Medical effects of internal contamination with actinides: further controversy on depleted uranium and radioactive warfare

The Nuclear Age began in 1945 with testing in New Mexico, USA, and the subsequent bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Regardless of attempts to limit the development of nuclear weapons, the current world arsenal has reached the staggering dimensions and presents a significant concern for the biosphere and mankind. In an explosion of a nuclear weapon, over 400 radioactive isotopes are released into the biosphere, 40 of which pose potential dangers including iodine, cesium, alkaline earths, and actinides. The immediate health effects of nuclear explosions include thermal, mechanical, and acute radiation syndrome. Long-term effects include radioactive fallout, internal contamination, and long-term genotoxicity. The current controversial concern over depleted uranium’s somatic and genetic toxicity is still a subject of worldwide sustained research. The host of data generated in the past decades has demonstrated conflicting findings, with the most recent evidence showing that its genotoxicity is greater than previously considered. Of particular concern are the osteotropic properties of uranium isotopes due to their final retention in the crystals of exchangeable and nonexchangeable bone as well as their proximity to pluripotent stem cells. Depleted uranium remains an unresolved issue in both warfare and the search for alternative energy sources.     

Case studies putting the decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) into practice

Case studies covering carbonaceous nanomaterials, metal oxide and metal sulphate nanomaterials, amorphous silica and organic pigments were performed to assess the Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping). The usefulness of the DF4nanoGrouping for nanomaterial hazard assessment was confirmed. In two tiers that rely exclusively on non-animal test methods followed by a third tier, if necessary, in which data from rat short-term inhalation studies are evaluated, nanomaterials are assigned to one of four main groups (MGs). The DF4nanoGrouping proved efficient in sorting out nanomaterials that could undergo hazard assessment without further testing. These are soluble nanomaterials (MG1) whose further hazard assessment should rely on read-across to the dissolved materials, high aspect-ratio nanomaterials (MG2) which could be assessed according to their potential fibre toxicity and passive nanomaterials (MG3) that only elicit effects under pulmonary overload conditions. Thereby, the DF4nanoGrouping allows identifying active nanomaterials (MG4) that merit in-depth investigations, and it provides a solid rationale for their sub-grouping to specify the further information needs. Finally, the evaluated case study materials may be used as source nanomaterials in future read-across applications. Overall, the DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard assessment strategy that strictly uses animals as a last resort.     

石岛湾核电站周边地表γ辐射水平调查及影响因素研究

目的 对山东省石岛湾核电站运行前周边地表γ辐射累积剂量进行监测,分析剂量水平和影响因素,推算当地居民年有效剂量。方法 选择核电站周边30 km内56个监测点,采用热释光剂量片监测法测量环境γ辐射剂量,在2021年4个监测期（第1至4期分别为2021年1月16日—4月14日、4月15日—7月20日、7月21日—10月21日和10月22日—2022年1月20日）共369天进行γ辐射剂量水平调查,分析其与监测时间、海拔高度和核电站距离之间的关系,并推算地表γ辐射造成的居民年有效剂量,来反映该区域的地表γ辐射本底水平。结果 该区域在4个监测期内地表γ辐射剂量率平均值分别为（76.196±3.366）、（81.773±6.144）、（93.554±7.449）和（97.604±9.396）nGy/h,全年地表γ辐射剂量率为（87.282±6.589） nGy/h,对人体造成的有效剂量为0.428 mSv。地表γ辐射水平在2021年7月—2022年1月份较高,距离核电站不同距离组的监测点γ辐射剂量率差异没有统计学意义,本研究结果中未见海拔高度对地表γ辐射剂量的影响。结论 石岛湾核电站周边地表202...     

Diagnosis of cancer multidrug resistance by bacterium-mediated imaging

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon expressed by many tumors affecting the chemotherapy efficacy, treatment decision, and the disease prognosis. Considering its great implication, non-invasive approaches are needed to identify this phenomenon in early stages of the disease. This article discusses the potential of the emerging non-invasive bacterium-mediated imaging of cancer in diagnosis of MDR. This potential is derived from the effect of cancer MDR on the pharmacokinetics of certain antibiotics, which are substrates of the MDR proteins. Since MDR proteins actively pump their substrates outside the resistant cancer cells, the elimination of the employed reporter bacteria, proliferating within MDR cancer cells, would require a larger dose of these antibiotics compared to those inside non-MDR cancer cells. These bacteria bear reporter genes that produce specific signals such as bioluminescent, fluorescent, magnetic, or radioactive signals that can be detected by non-invasive imaging modalities. Therefore, the presence, degree, and mechanism of MDR can be estimated by comparing the concentration of the employed antibiotic, required to cease these signals (reflecting the elimination of the bacteria), to a pre-determined reference. The real time imaging of MDR cancer and the early diagnosis of MDR, offered by this approach, would provide a better tool for preclinical studies of MDR, and allow a prompt choice of the most appropriate therapy.